The following has evaluated to null or missing:
==> .vars['reserved-article-group-id'] [in template "161555#161602#ARTICLE-PAGE---HERO" at line 14, column 20]
----
Tip: It's the final [] step that caused this error, not those before it.
----
Tip: If the failing expression is known to legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing, either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault, or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)??
----
----
FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
- Failed at: #assign groupId = .vars["reserved-art... [in template "161555#161602#ARTICLE-PAGE---HERO" at line 14, column 1]
----
1<#assign namespace = randomNamespace />
2<#assign JSONFactoryUtil = staticUtil["com.liferay.portal.kernel.json.JSONFactoryUtil"] />
3<#assign journalArticleLocalService = serviceLocator.findService("com.liferay.journal.service.JournalArticleLocalService") />
4<#assign containerId = randomNamespace />
5<#assign shareURL = themeDisplay.getPortalURL()+themeDisplay.getURLCurrent()/>
6
7<#-- Auto-assign ALL category to every article -->
8<#assign assetCategoryLocalService = serviceLocator.findService("com.liferay.asset.kernel.service.AssetCategoryLocalService") />
9<#assign assetEntryLocalService = serviceLocator.findService("com.liferay.asset.kernel.service.AssetEntryLocalService") />
10<#assign journalArticleLocalService = serviceLocator.findService("com.liferay.journal.service.JournalArticleLocalService") />
11
12<#-- Get current JournalArticle -->
13<#assign articleId = .vars['reserved-article-id'].data />
14<#assign groupId = .vars['reserved-article-group-id'].data?number />
15<#assign journalArticle = journalArticleLocalService.getArticle(groupId, articleId) />
16
17<#-- Get AssetEntry for this article -->
18<#assign assetEntry = assetEntryLocalService.getEntry("com.liferay.journal.model.JournalArticle", journalArticle.getResourcePrimKey()) />
19
20<#-- Your ALL category ID -->
21<#assign allCategoryId = 4614994 />
22
23<#-- Assign ALL category if not already set -->
24<#if !assetEntry.getCategories()?seq_contains(assetCategoryLocalService.getCategory(allCategoryId))>
25 <#assign categoryIds = assetEntry.getCategoryIds() + [allCategoryId] />
26 ${assetEntryLocalService.updateEntry(
27 assetEntry.getUserId(),
28 assetEntry.getGroupId(),
29 assetEntry.getClassName(),
30 assetEntry.getClassPK(),
31 assetEntry.getUuid(),
32 assetEntry.getClassTypeId(),
33 categoryIds,
34 assetEntry.getTagNames()
35 )}
36</#if>
37
38<div class="hero jmarticle__hero-main-container">
39 <div class="container">
40 <div class="row">
41 <div class="article__cont">
42 <h1 class="article__heading">${Title.getData()}</h1>
43 <#if (SubTitle.getData())??>
44 <p class="article__para">
45 ${SubTitle.getData()}
46 </p>
47 </#if>
48
49 <#assign Date_Data=getterUtil.getString(Date.getData())>
50 <#if validator.isNotNull(Date_Data)>
51 <p class="article__date">
52 <#assign Date_DateObj=dateUtil.parseDate("yyyy-MM-dd", Date_Data, locale)>
53 ${dateUtil.getDate(Date_DateObj, "dd MMMM yyyy", locale)}
54 </p>
55 </#if>
56
57 <#if Link_Title?? && Link_Title.getData()?has_content>
58 <#list Link_Title.getSiblings() as cur_Link_Title>
59 <#if cur_Link_Title?? && cur_Link_Title.getData()?has_content>
60 <#assign linkHref="#" />
61 <#assign target="" />
62
63 <#assign rowId = containerId + cur_Link_Title?index />
64 <#if cur_Link_Title.Link_Internal?? && cur_Link_Title.Link_Internal.getFriendlyUrl()?has_content>
65 <#assign linkHref=cur_Link_Title.Link_Internal.getFriendlyUrl() />
66 <#elseif cur_Link_Title.Link_Media?? && cur_Link_Title.Link_Media.getData()?has_content>
67 <#assign linkHref=cur_Link_Title.Link_Media.getData() />
68 <#elseif cur_Link_Title.Link_Mailto?? && cur_Link_Title.Link_Mailto.getData()?has_content>
69 <#assign linkHref="mailto:" + cur_Link_Title.Link_Mailto.getData() />
70 <#elseif cur_Link_Title.Link_External?? && cur_Link_Title.Link_External.getData()?has_content>
71 <#assign linkHref=cur_Link_Title.Link_External.getData() />
72 </#if>
73 <#if (cur_Link_Title.Link_Target??) && (cur_Link_Title.Link_Target.getData())?has_content>
74 <#assign target=cur_Link_Title.Link_Target.getData() />
75 </#if>
76 <div id="blue_button_click_div" data-analytics-asset-type="custom">
77 <div class="jmarticle__hero-btn-list">
78 <a id="panel_blue_button_${rowId}" class="article__btn" href="${linkHref}" title="${cur_Link_Title.getData()}" target="${target}" data-analytics-asset-action="click" onclick="onBlueButtonClick(this)" >
79 <span class="btn__text">${cur_Link_Title.getData()}</span>
80 <span class="arrow__forward"></span>
81 </a>
82 </div>
83 </div>
84 </#if>
85 </#list>
86 </#if>
87 <div class="article-download-share">
88
89 <#if PDFTitle?? && PDFTitle.getData()?has_content>
90 <#assign title = PDFTitle.getData() />
91 <#assign pdf_link = "#" />
92 <#assign pdfrowId = containerId />
93 <#if PDFTitle.PDF?? && PDFTitle.PDF.getData()?has_content>
94 <#assign pdf_link = PDFTitle.PDF.getData() />
95 </#if>
96 <div class="article-download">
97 <div id="blue_button_click_div" data-analytics-asset-type="custom">
98 <div class="jmarticle__hero-btn-list">
99 <a id="panel_blue_button_${pdfrowId}" class="article__btn" href="${pdf_link}" title="${title}" data-analytics-asset-action="click" onclick="onBlueButtonClick(this)">
100 <span class="btn__text">${title}</span>
101 <span class="arrow__forward"></span>
102 </a>
103 <a id="panel_blue_button_${pdfrowId}" class="article__btn-mobile" href="${pdf_link}" title="${title}" data-analytics-asset-action="click" onclick="onBlueButtonClick(this)">
104 <img src="${themeDisplay.getPathThemeImages()}/new__jm__images/download-white-icon.svg" alt="twitter image"/>
105 </a>
106 </div>
107 </div>
108 </div>
109 </#if>
110
111 </div>
112
113 </div>
114 </div>
115 <#if (ImageLarge.getData())?? && ImageLarge.getData() != "">
116 <div class="row jmarticle__hero-banner" id="jmarticle__hero-${namespace}"
117 style="background-image: url(${ImageLarge.getData()})">
118 </#if>
119
120 </div>
121 </div>
122</div>
123
124<#if Author?? && Author.getData()?has_content>
125 <div class="jmarticle__author-info">
126 <div class="container">
127 <div class="hero__bar">
128 <#list Author.getSiblings() as cur_Author>
129 <#if cur_Author?? && cur_Author.getData()?has_content>
130 <#assign
131 webContentData = jsonFactoryUtil.createJSONObject(cur_Author.getData())
132 gId = groupId
133 journalArticle = journalArticleLocalService.getArticleByUrlTitle(gId, webContentData.title)
134 docXML = saxReaderUtil.read(journalArticle.getContent())
135
136 fName = docXML.valueOf("//dynamic-element[@name='FullName']/dynamic-content/text()")
137 jobTitle = docXML.valueOf("//dynamic-element[@name='JobTitle']/dynamic-content/text()")
138 role = docXML.valueOf("//dynamic-element[@name='ContactInfo']/dynamic-content/text()")
139 photoXML = docXML.valueOf("//dynamic-element[@name='Photo']/dynamic-content/text()")
140 photoSrc = JSONFactoryUtil.createJSONObject(photoXML).getString("uuid")
141 fullName = docXML.valueOf("//dynamic-element[@name='Title']/dynamic-content/text()")
142 authorImageXML = docXML.valueOf("//dynamic-element[@name='ImageLarge']/dynamic-content/text()")
143 authImageSrc = JSONFactoryUtil.createJSONObject(authorImageXML).getString("uuid")
144 summary = docXML.valueOf("//dynamic-element[@name='Summary']/dynamic-content/text()")
145 />
146
147 <div class="author">
148 <figure class="author__image">
149 <#if authImageSrc?? && authImageSrc?has_content>
150 <img src="/documents/${groupId}/${authImageSrc}" alt="${fullName}" class="author_img_class_new">
151 <#elseif photoSrc?? && photoSrc?has_content>
152 <img src="/documents/${groupId}/${photoSrc}" alt="${fName}" class="author_img_class_new">
153 </#if>
154 </figure>
155 <div class="author__details d-flex flex-column">
156 <h3 class="author__name">
157 <a rel="author">
158 <#if fullName?? && fullName?has_content>
159 ${fullName}
160 <#elseif fName?? && fName?has_content>
161 ${fName}
162 </#if>
163 </a>
164 </h3>
165 <p class="author__desc text-size-a author_job_title">
166 <#if jobTitle?? && jobTitle?has_content>
167 ${jobTitle}
168 </#if>
169 </p>
170 <span>
171 <p class="author__desc text-size-a">
172 <#if summary?? && summary?has_content>
173 ${summary}
174 </#if>
175 <#if role?? && role?has_content>
176 ${role}
177 </#if>
178 </p>
179 </span>
180 </div>
181 <div>
182 <div class="author__contact">
183 <ul class="author__contact-list">
184 </ul>
185 </div>
186 </div>
187 </div>
188 </#if>
189 </#list>
190 </div>
191 </div>
192 </div>
193</#if>
194
195
196
197<div class="container">
198 <div class="row">
199 <div class="article__intro">
200 <#if (Introduction.getData())??>
201 ${Introduction.getData()}
202 </#if>
203
204 <div class="article-download-share">
205
206 <#if PDFTitle?? && PDFTitle.getData()?has_content>
207 <#assign title = PDFTitle.getData() />
208 <#assign pdf_link = "#" />
209 <#assign pdfrowId = containerId />
210 <#if PDFTitle.PDF?? && PDFTitle.PDF.getData()?has_content>
211 <#assign pdf_link = PDFTitle.PDF.getData() />
212 </#if>
213 <div class="article-download">
214 <div id="blue_button_click_div" data-analytics-asset-type="custom">
215 <div class="jmarticle__hero-btn-list">
216 <a id="panel_blue_button_${pdfrowId}" class="article__btn" href="${pdf_link}" title="${title}" data-analytics-asset-action="click" onclick="onBlueButtonClick(this)">
217 <span class="btn__text">${title}</span>
218 <span class="arrow__forward"></span>
219 </a>
220 <a id="panel_blue_button_${pdfrowId}" class="article__btn-mobile" href="${pdf_link}" title="${title}" data-analytics-asset-action="click" onclick="onBlueButtonClick(this)">
221 <img src="${themeDisplay.getPathThemeImages()}/new__jm__images/download-white-icon.svg" alt="twitter image"/>
222 </a>
223 </div>
224 </div>
225 </div>
226 </#if>
227
228
229 <div class="article-share">
230 <a href="https://linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=${shareURL}&title=<#if (Title.getData())??>${Title.getData()}</#if>" target="_blank">
231 <img class="socialicons__img" src="${themeDisplay.getPathThemeImages()}/new__jm__images/social_icons-LinkedIN.png" alt="twitter image"/>
232 </a>
233 <a href="https://twitter.com/share?url=${shareURL}&text=<#if (Title.getData())??>${Title.getData()}</#if>" target="_blank">
234 <img class="socialicons__img" src="${themeDisplay.getPathThemeImages()}/new__jm__images/social_icons-Twitter.png" alt="twitter image"/>
235 </a>
236 </div>
237 </div>
238
239 </div>
240 </div>
241</div>
242
243<style>
244 img.author_img_class_new {
245 width: 100% !important;
246 height: 100% !important;
247 position: absolute;
248 margin: auto;
249 top: 0;
250 bottom: 0;
251 }
252
253 .article__btn:focus-visible {
254 outline: 2px solid blue !important;
255}
256
257@media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 650px) {
258 .article__intro li {
259 margin-left: -32px !important;
260 }
261 .journal-content-article .container .article__intro {
262 margin-top: 22px !important;
263}
264}
265@media (min-width: 540px) and (max-width: 834px) {
266 .article__intro li {
267 margin-left: -32px !important;
268 }
269 .article__intro {
270 margin: 60px 15px 0 5px !important;
271 }
272}
273
274@media (min-width: 320px) and (max-width: 539px){
275.jmarticle__author-info {
276 padding: 0px 0;
277}
278.jmarticle__author-info .author__image {
279 width: 39px;
280 height: 40px;
281}
282
283.jmarticle__author-info .author__name a {
284 line-height: 0px;
285 font-size: 18px !important;
286 margin-right: 10px;
287}
288
289.jmarticle__author-info .author__desc {
290
291 line-height: 14px;
292 font-size: 12px !important;
293 margin-bottom: 7px;
294}
295}
296
297</style>
It’s not what you have, it’s what you do with it
The idea of hydrogen as the ‘fuel of the future’ isn’t new. The ‘fuel cell effect’, using hydrogen to generate electricity, was first demonstrated by William Grove in 1839. Since then, we’ve seen hydrogen trialled in various applications, with experts now thinking we are on the cusp of commercial scale up. So why is the hydrogen hype different this time around?
As The Economist recently reported: “Unlike 20 years ago, when the hype came from enthusiasm for cars fuelled by hydrogen, this time the focus is on emissions-intensive industries that are difficult to decarbonise by electrification alone”
According to the Hydrogen Council, of the 1,046 large-scale hydrogen projects announced globally as of May 2023, 553 target large-scale industrial use. These forward-thinking projects are expanding the hydrogen value chain and trialling hydrogen use in heavy industry – from steel production to long-haul transport.
Industrial evolution: real change comes from within
When we think about emissions-intensive industries, iron and steel, cement and chemicals top the list. In fact, according to the International Energy Association (IEA), production of these important materials was responsible for over 70% of industrial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2022 since they consume vast amounts of energy. However, by using hydrogen instead of burning fossil fuels to power the production plants, we can begin to decarbonise.
Interestingly, the industries themselves are driving this change. Equinor’s H2H Saltend project is applying Johnson Matthey’s LCHTM technology to produce hydrogen from natural gas with over a 95% carbon capture and storage (CCS) rate. This hydrogen will be used to reduce the emissions of the Saltend Chemical Parks by up to a third, as well as support the decarbonisation of the British Steel, one of the only two steel works in the UK.
Elsewhere in the UK, in two world-firsts, Unilever and Pilkington UK recently demonstrated the use of 100% hydrogen-firing for consumer goods production and flat glass production, respectively.
Fuel-feedstock duality
From fuels to pharmaceuticals to plastics, the chemicals on which the world relies are predominantly made of two elements: carbon and hydrogen. As the chemical industry pivots away from fossil feedstocks towards more sustainable carbon sources such as biomass, waste and captured CO2, non-fossil hydrogen feedstocks are also needed. Here electrolytic hydrogen, produced from water using renewable electricity, has a key role to play.
For example, in Spain, Repsol and Aramco will use Johnson Matthey’s pioneering FT CANSTM and HyCOgenTM technologies to transform renewable hydrogen and CO2 from the air into ultra-low emission fuels. In the deserted Magallanes region of Chile, the futuristic Haru Oni project is converting the same green feedstocks into sustainable methanol and gasoline. And by combining renewable hydrogen with nitrogen captured directly from the air, Siemens Energy recently demonstrated green ammonia production for sustainable fertilisers or sustainable shipping fuel.
Hydrogen: in for the long haul
While the hydrogen hype initially revolved around passenger cars, the automotive industry is increasingly recognising the critical role hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) will play in long-haul transport. In the heavy-duty sector, FCEVs offer longer range, faster refuelling and lower cost of ownership than battery electric vehicles.
FCEVs are still in the early stages of adoption. According to the IEA, there are currently over seventy thousand on the road globally, with buses and trucks each constituting almost 10%. And China, historically a step ahead in the fuel cell space, is home to the large majority of these trucks and buses.
But the market for heavy-duty FCEVs is expected to continue to expand both in and outside of China. Driven by policies such as the global memorandum of understanding on zero-emission medium and heavy-duty vehicles signed by 16 countries, we’ve seen more investment announcements from big players (e.g. Hyzon, Toyota, Daimler and Hyundai).
Unlocking the enormous potential of hydrogen
To realise hydrogen’s true potential, governmental incentives and regulation, such as the recent US Inflation Reduction Act, are required to encourage further investment in technology and, critically, infrastructure development. While localised hydrogen production plants near end-use facilities will be available, most hydrogen will likely be produced where space and resources allow. So hydrogen transport will be critical. And for renewable hydrogen production especially, storage infrastructure will help cope with the intermittency of production vs demand.
In the meantime, it is easy to get distracted by debates over applications that are easily relatable to consumers, like hydrogen-fuelled boilers for home heating or fuel cell cars. Hydrogen will undoubtedly be used to great effect in these markets, however its starring role in the net zero story is as an alternative to direct electrification in the decarbonisation of heavy industry and transport.
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